PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.